Manejo quirúrgico de bad split bilateral en cirugía ortognática / Surgical management of bilateral bad split during orthognathic surgery

El bad split es un término clínico que refiere a una fractura no planificada que ocurre al momento de realizar una osteotomía sagital de rama mandibular (OSRM). Afecta aproximadamente al 2,3% de los pacientes y se han descrito factores de riesgo tales como la presencia de terceros molares mandibulares, edad avanzada al momento de la cirugía, técnica de osteotomía inadecuada, entre otros. Se recomienda efectuar manio-bras preventivas para evitar la aparición de patrones de fractura no deseados al realizar la OSRM. Sin embargo, al momento de pesquisar un bad split, éste debe ser tratado por un equipo capacitado y de manera oportuna para evitar retardo en la consolidación, infecciones y secuestros óseos que puedan comprometer los resultados de la cirugía. En este artículo se presenta el manejo de un caso clínico de bad split bilateral intraoperatorio por el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital San José, enfatizando su tratamiento quirúrgico.

Bad Split is a clinical term referring to an unplanned fracture that occurs during the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). It affects approximately 2,3% of the patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and several risk factors have been described such as the presence of mandibular third molars, advanced age at the moment of orthognathic surgery, inadequate osteotomy technique, etc. Preventive maneuvers are recommended in order to avoid the appearance of undesired fracture patterns during BSSO. However, if a bad split is detected it must be managed and treated by a qualified team to avoid further complications such as delayed bone consolidation, bone infection and necrosis. In this article we present the management of a case of bilateral bad split by the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Hospital San José, emphasizing on its surgical treatment.

Corrección de la altura patelar en inestabilidad rotuliana / Correction of patellar height in patellofemoral instability

El manejo de la inestabilidad patelofemoral se basa en una adecuada evaluación de alteraciones anatómicas predisponentes. Patela alta es una de las causas más importantes de inestabilidad objetiva. La alteración biomecánica que ésta produce puede conducir a luxación patelar recurrente, dolor y cambios degenerativos focales. El examen físico es fundamental en la toma de decisiones. La evaluación imagenológica ha evolucionado desde métodos basados en radiografía hacia mediciones en resonancia magnética, que permiten una orientación más acabada de la relación existente entre la rótula y la tróclea femoral. El tratamiento se fundamenta en la corrección selectiva de los factores causales, donde la osteotomía de descenso de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia y la reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial son herramientas que deben considerarse racionalmente. Este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura, otorgando los fundamentos quirúrgicos que explican la importancia del tratamiento específico de patela alta en inestabilidad rotuliana.

Patellofemoral instability management is based on a thorough evaluation of predisposing anatomical factors. Patella alta is one of the utmost causes of objective instability. As a result, biomechanical disturbance can lead to recurrent patellar instability, pain, and focal degenerative changes. Physical examination is paramount in decision making. Imaging evaluation has evolved from X-rays based methods to magnetic resonance measurements, which allows a more accurate assessment of the patellotrochlear relationship. Treatment is based on a selective risk factors correction, where tibial tubercle distalization osteotomy and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction must be considered altogether. This article reviews the surgical rationale of patella alta treatment in patellofemoral instability.

Periacetabular osteotomy with concomitant hip arthroscopy: a case series with 24 months minimum follow-up

PURPOSE To describe patient-reported outcomes, radiological results, and revision to total hip replacement in patients with hip dysplasia that underwent periacetabular osteotomy as isolated treatment or concomitant with hip arthroscopy. METHODS Case series study. Between 2014 and 2017, patients were included if they complained of hip pain and had a lateral center-edge angle ≤ of 20°. Exclusion criteria included an in-maturate skeleton, age of 40 or older, previous hip surgery, concomitant connective tissue related disease, and Tönnis osteoarthritis grade ≥ 1. All patients were studied before surgery with an anteroposterior pelvis radiograph, false-profile radiograph, and magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess intraarticular lesions, and if a labral or chondral injury was found, concomitant hip arthroscopy was performed. The non-parametric median test for paired data was used to compare radiological measures (anterior and lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis angle, and extrusion index) after and before surgery. Survival analysis was performed using revision to total hip arthroplasty as a failure. Kaplan Meier curve was estimated. The data were processed using Stata. RESULTS A total of 15 consecutive patients were included; 14 (93%) were female patients. The median follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 2 to 8 years). The median age was 20 (range 13 to 32). Lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis angle, and extrusion index correction achieved statistical significance. Seven patients (47%) underwent concomitant hip arthroscopy; three of them (47%) were bilateral (10 hips). The labrum was repaired in six cases (60%). Three patients (15%) required revision with hip arthroplasty, and no hip arthroscopy-related complications are reported in this series. CONCLUSION To perform a hip arthroscopy concomitant with periacetabular osteotomy did not affect the acetabular correction. Nowadays, due to a lack of conclusive evidence, a case by case decision seems more appropriate to design a comprehensive treatment.

Stability as a key factor for bone repair in nonunion of mandibular osteotomy / Estabilidad como factor clave en la reparación de la nonunión de la osteotomía mandibular

Stability is necessary to ensuring proper bone repair after osteotomies and fractures. The aim of this research was to analyze how the repair of pseudoarthrosis sites was affected by different conditions in related to soft tissue. An experimental study was designed with 18 New Zealand rabbits. Six study groups were formed. An osteotomy was performed on the mandibular body of each animal and muscle was installed at the osteotomy site to model pseudoarthrosis. Fixation by surgery was then carried out, using plates and screws. The animals were submitted to euthanasia after 21, 42 and 63 days to make a descriptive comparison of the histological results. No animal was lost during the experiment. In all the samples, bone formation was observed with different degrees of progress. Defects treated with or without removal of the tissue involved in pseudoarthrosis presented comparable bone repair, showing that stability of the bone segments allows the repair of adjacent tissue. In some samples cartilaginous tissue was associated with greater bone formation. Stabilization of the fracture is the key in bone repair; repair occurs whether or not the pseudoarthrosis tissue is removed.

La estabilidad de las osteotomías y de las fracturas son fundamentales para asegurar la adecuada reparación ósea; el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la reparación presente en sitios de pseudoartrosis realizando la limpieza de la zona previo a la fijación o manteniendo el tejido de la nounión en el mismo lugar durante la osteosíntesis. Se diseñó un estudio experimental incluyendo 18 conejos de raza Neozelandesa. Se formaron 6 grupos de estudios a quienes se relizó una osteotomía en el cuerpo mandibular y posterior instalación de músculo en el lugar de la osteotomía para fabricar un modelo de pseudoartrosis. En cirugía posterior se fijó con placa y tornillos. Se realizaron eutanasias a los 42 y 63 días para comparar los resultados de forma descriptiva mediante estudio histológico. No fue perdido ningún animal durante el experimento. En todas las muestras evaluadas se observó formación ósea en diferentes niveles de avance; defectos tratados con o sin el retiro del tejido involucrado en la pseudoartrosis presentaron una condición de reparación ósea comparables, determinando que la estabilidad de los segmentos óseos permite la reparación del tejido adyacente. El tejido cartilaginoso se presentó en algunas muestras asociadas a sectores con mayor presencia de formación ósea. La estabilización de la fractura es clave en la reparación ósea; la reparación se produce manteniendo o retirando el tejido presente en la pseudoartrosis.

Avaliação da equimose após osteotomia nasal lateral contínua interna e externa na rinoplastia aberta / Ecchymosis evaluation after internal and external continuous lateral nasal osteotomy in open rhinoplasty

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo é avaliar a presença de equimose com 7 e 15 dias após osteotomia nasal lateral interna e externa na rinoplastia aberta. Métodos: Análise prospectiva, dos pacientes submetidos à rinoplastia aberta, com osteotomia nasal lateral com total de 15 pacientes. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos. Aqueles submetidos à osteotomia nasal lateral externa formaram o grupo A (n = 6) e os submetidos à osteotomia interna, o grupo B (n = 9). Foram avaliados com 7 e 15 dias de pós-operatório e registrada a presença ou ausência de equimose. Resultados: Dentro do grupo A evidenciamos no 7º dia de pós-operatório 3 (50%) pacientes com equimose e 3 (50%) sem alteração na tonalidade da pele. Com 15 dias de pós-operatório, o mesmo grupo apresentava 2 (25%) pacientes com equimose e 4 (75%) sem alteração. Já no grupo B foram identificados no 7º dia após o procedimento 3 (33,4%) pacientes com presença de equimose e 6 (66,6%) sem alteração. O mesmo grupo após 15 dias do procedimento apresentou 1 (11,1%) paciente com equimose e 8 (88,9%) sem alteração. Conclusão: Apesar da fratura interna apresentar menor incidência de equimose no sétimo e décimo quinto dias de pós-operatório, não houve relevância estatística na comparação entre as técnicas.

Introduction: The objective is to evaluate the presence of ecchymosis 7 and 15 days after internal and external lateral nasal osteotomy in open rhinoplasty. Methods: A prospective evaluation of 15 patients who underwent open rhinoplasty with lateral nasal osteotomy was conducted. The patients were allocated into two groups. Those who underwent external lateral nasal osteotomy were included in group A (n = 6), while those who underwent internal osteotomy were included in group B (n = 9). The patients were evaluated on postoperative days 7 and 15, and the presence or absence of ecchymosis was recorded. Results: In group A, we observed that on postoperative day 7, 3 patients (50%) had ecchymosis and 3 (50%) showed no changes in skin color. On postoperative day 15, the same group had 2 patients (25%) with ecchymosis and 4 (75%) without changes. On the other hand, in group B, 3 patients (33.4%) had ecchymosis and 6 (66.6%) showed no changes on postoperative day 7. In the same group, 1 patient (11.1%) had ecchymosis and 8 (88.9%) showed no changes 15 days after surgery. Conclusion: Despite the lower incidence of ecchymosis in internal fractures on postoperative days 7 and 15, no statistical significance was observed between the two techniques.

Analysis of fracture healing in osteopenic bone caused by disuse: experimental study

Osteoporosis has become a serious global public health issue. Hence, osteoporotic fracture healing has been investigated in several previous studies because there is still controversy over the effect osteoporosis has on the healing process. The current study aimed to analyze two different periods of bone healing in normal and osteopenic rats. Sixty, 7-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: unrestricted and immobilized for 2 weeks after osteotomy (OU2), suspended and immobilized for 2 weeks after osteotomy (OS2), unrestricted and immobilized for 6 weeks after osteotomy (OU6), and suspended and immobilized for 6 weeks after osteotomy (OS6). Osteotomy was performed in the middle third of the right tibia 21 days after tail suspension, when the osteopenic condition was already set. The fractured limb was then immobilized by orthosis. Tibias were collected 2 and 6 weeks after osteotomy, and were analyzed by bone densitometry, mechanical testing, and histomorphometry. Bone mineral density values from bony calluses were significantly lower in the 2-week post-osteotomy groups compared with the 6-week post-osteotomy groups (multivariate general linear model analysis, P<0.000). Similarly, the mechanical properties showed that animals had stronger bones 6 weeks after osteotomy compared with 2 weeks after osteotomy (multivariate general linear model analysis, P<0.000). Histomorphometry indicated gradual bone healing. Results showed that osteopenia did not influence the bone healing process, and that time was an independent determinant factor regardless of whether the fracture was osteopenic. This suggests that the body is able to compensate for the negative effects of suspension.

Results of Corrective Osteotomy and Treatment Strategy for Ankylosing Spondylitis with Kyphotic Deformity

BACKGROUND: To report the radiological and clinical results after corrective osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Furthermore, this study intended to classify the types of deformity and to suggest appropriate surgical treatment options. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed ankylosing spondylitis patients who underwent corrective osteotomy between 1996 and 2009. The radiographic assessments included the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), spinopelvic alignment parameters, correction angle, correction loss, type of deformity related to the location of the apex, and the craniocervical range of motion (CCROM). The clinical outcomes were assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. RESULTS: A total of 292 corrective osteotomies were performed in 248 patients with a mean follow-up of 40.1 months (range, 24 to 78 months). There were 183 cases of single pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), 19 cases of multiple Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), 17 cases of PSO + SPO, 14 cases of single SPO, six cases of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR), five cases of PSO + partial pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PPSO), and four cases of PPSO. The mean correction angles were 31.9degrees +/- 11.7degrees with PSO, 14.3degrees +/- 8.4degrees with SPO, 38.3degrees +/- 12.7degrees with PVCR, and 19.3degrees +/- 7.1degrees with PPSO. The thoracolumbar type was the most common. The outcome analysis showed a significant improvement in the ODI score (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that the ODI score improvements correlated significantly with the postoperative SVA and CCROM (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the clinical outcomes and spinopelvic parameters. There were 38 surgery-related complications in 25 patients (10.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Corrective osteotomy is an effective method for treating a fixed kyphotic deformity occurring in ankylosing spondylitis, resulting in satisfactory outcomes with acceptable complications. The CCROM and postoperative SVA were important factors in determining the outcome.

Outcomes of Combined Shelf Acetabuloplasty with Femoral Varus Osteotomy in Severe Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP) Disease: Advanced Containment Method for Severe LCP Disease

BACKGROUND: Standard treatments may provide adequate containment in mild to moderate Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), but they can be problematic in more severe cases. The purpose of this study was to report the results of combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy in severe LCPD. METHODS: We reviewed 12 patients who had undergone combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy. The indications for this type of operation were: (1) above 8 years of age at clinical onset; (2) massive femoral epiphysis involvement (Catterall group 4, lateral pillar C); (3) femoral head lateral subluxation on the anteroposterior radiograph; and (4) impending hinged abduction on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or arthrography. The mean age was 9.3 years (range, 8 to 10.8 years). The patients were clinically evaluated with Iowa hip score and leg length discrepancy at the final follow-up. Radiographic outcome was assessed using the Stulberg classification to evaluate femoral head sphericity. The presence of osteoarthritis was evaluated by the Tonnis classification. Correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the preoperative factors that were strongly associated with patients' outcomes. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 10.1 years (range, 7.1 to 13.2 years). Functional grade was excellent in all patients at last follow-up (mean, 92; range, 82 to 99). The mean leg length discrepancy after skeletal maturity was 0.9 cm (range, 0 to 1.7 cm). There were no significant complications or need for additional surgery. Radiographically, 92% of patients reached satisfactory outcomes: Stulberg grade I, 0 cases; Stulberg grade II, 4 cases (34%); Stulberg III, 7 cases (58%), Stulberg IV, 1 case (8%); and Stulberg V, 0 cases. There was no osteoarthritis by Tonnis classification. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcomes for combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy in severe LCPD patients over 8 years old are comparable with other advanced surgical methods. In the cases of severe disease that match our inclusion criteria, our containment method could be another treatment option.

Curved Periacetabular Osteotomy for the Treatment of Dysplastic Hips

Curved periacetabular osteotomy (CPO) was developed for the treatment of dysplastic hips in 1995. In CPO, the exposure of osteotomy sites and osteotomy of the ischium are made in the same manner as Bernese periacetabular osteotomy, and iliac and pubic osteotomies are performed in the same manner as rotational acetabular osteotomy. We studied the dynamic instabilities of 25 dysplastic hips before and after CPO using triaxial accelerometry. Overall magnitude of acceleration was significantly decreased from 2.30 +/- 0.57 m/sec2 preoperatively to 1.55 +/- 0.31 m/sec2 postoperatively. Pain relief and improvement of acetabular coverage resulting from acetabular reorientation seem to be related with reduction of dynamic instabilities of dysplastic hips. Isokinetic muscle strengths of 24 hips in 22 patients were measured preoperatively and after CPO. At 12 months postoperatively, the mean muscle strength exceeded the preoperative values. These results seem to be obtained due to no dissection of abductor muscles in CPO. The preoperative presence of acetabular cysts did not influence the results of CPO. An adequate rotation of the acetabular fragment induced cyst remodeling. Satisfactory results were obtained clinically and radiographically after CPO in patients aged 50 years or older. CPO alone for the treatment of severe dysplastic hips classified as subluxated hips of Severin group IV-b with preoperative CE angles of up to -20degrees could restore the acetabular coverage, weight-bearing area and medialization of the hip joint. CPO without any other combined procedure, as a treatment for 17 hips in 16 patients with Perthes-like deformities, produced good mid-term clinical and radiographic results. We have been performing CPO in conjunction with osteochondroplasty for the treatment of acatabular dysplasia associated with femoroacetabular impingement since 2006. The combined procedure has been providing effective correction of both acetabular dysplasia and associated femoral head-neck deformities without any increased complication rate. We have encountered an obturator artery injury in one case and two intraoperative comminuted fractures. Although serious complications such as motor nerve palsy, deep infection, necrosis of the femoral head or acetabulum, and delayed union or nonunion of the ilium were reported, such complications have never occurred in our 700 cases so far.

Comparative study of two autogenous graft techniques using piezosurgery for sinus lifting / Estudo comparativo de duas técnicas de enxerto autógeno utilizando piezocirurgia para levantamento de seio maxilar

PURPOSE: Maxillary sinus lifting is a technique, in which, a possible complication is sinus membrane perforation. The aim of this study was to compare two techniques using ultrasound surgery to perform autogenous graft for maxillary sinus lifting. METHODS: Ten rabbits were used in the study, one of them did not undergo surgery. The other nine rabbits had their maxillary sinuses filled with autogenous bone grafts collected from the external skull diploe in particulate form on the right side, and shaved on the left side, both with ultrasonic device. Data on bone density in left and right maxillary sinus, obtained by computed tomography in transverse and longitudinal sections, recorded 90 days after the grafts, were statistically compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two techniques that used shaved and particulate bone collected by means of ultrasonic device from rabbit skulls. CONCLUSION: Assessment of operative procedures led to the conclusion that piezoelectric ultrasound was shown to be a safe tool in the surgical approach to the maxillary sinus of rabbits, allowing sinus membrane integrity to be maintained during surgical procedures.

OBJETIVO: A técnica de levantamento de seio maxilar apresenta como possível complicação a perfuração da membrana sinusal. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar duas técnicas que utilizam a cirurgia ultrassônica para realização de enxerto autógeno para levantamento de seio maxilar. MÉTODOS: Dez coelhos foram utilizados no estudo, sendo que um deles não foi submetido a procedimento cirúrgico. Os nove coelhos operados tiveram os seios maxilares preenchidos com enxertos autógenos coletados de díploe externa de calota craniana, nas formas particulado do lado direito e raspado do lado esquerdo, ambos com aparelho ultrassônico. Os dados de densidade óssea nos seios maxilares esquerdo e direito, obtidos por meio de tomografia computadorizada nos sentidos transversal e longitudinal, registrados 90 dias após a realização dos enxertos foram comparados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as técnicas de enxerto que utilizaram osso raspado e particulado coletado por meio de dispositivo ultrassônico da calota craniana de coelhos. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação clínica dos procedimentos nos levou a concluir que o ultrassom piezoelétrico mostrou-se um instrumento clinicamente seguro na abordagem cirúrgica do seio maxilar de coelhos, permitindo a manutenção da integridade da membrana sinusal durante as manobras de ostectomia da parede lateral da maxila e divulsão da membrana sinusal.

Measurement of tibial slope angle after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: case series / Medida do ângulo de inclinação ântero-posterior do planalto tibial após osteotomia valgizante proximal da tíbia com cunha de abertura medial: série de casos

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In the past, changes in tibial slope were not considered when planning or evaluating osteotomies, and success in high tibial osteotomy was related to the alignment and amount of femorotibial angular correction. The aim here was to measure changes in tibial slope after medial opening wedge tibial osteotomy and investigate the effect of tibial slope angle on the clinical results. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review study on a series of cases, at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema), Marília, Brazil. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients were studied, and a total of thirty-one knees. Lateral roentgenograms of the tibia were used pre and postoperatively to measure the tibial slope based on the proximal tibial anatomical axis. The clinical results were measured using the Lysholm knee score. RESULTS: There was an average increase in tibial slope angle after surgery of 2.38° (95 percent confidence interval: ± 0.73°). There was no correlation (r = -0.28) between the postoperative Lysholm knee score and the difference in tibial slope angle from before to after surgery (P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Medial opening wedge tibial osteotomy led to a small increase in tibial slope. No significant correlation was found between increased tibial slope and short-term clinical results after high tibial osteotomy. Other clinical studies are needed in order to establish whether extension or flexion osteotomy could benefit patients with medial compartment gonarthrosis.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: No passado, alterações no ângulo de inclinação ântero-posterior do planalto tibial (AIAPPT), conhecido como "slope", não eram levadas em consideração no planejamento e avaliação das osteotomias, e o sucesso da osteotomia proximal tibial era relacionado ao grau de correção do ângulo femoro-tibial e ao alinhamento obtido. O objetivo foi mensurar a alteração no AIAPPT após a osteotomia proximal de abertura de cunha medial da tíbia e verificar o efeito da variação angular do AIAPPT sobre os resultados clínicos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo de série de casos, realizado no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema), Marília, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 28 pacientes, e um total de 31 joelhos. Foi mensurado o AIAPPT baseado no eixo anatômico proximal tibial na radiografia lateral da tíbia no pré e no pós-operatório. A avaliação clínica foi realizada através do escore de Lysholm para joelho. RESULTADOS: Houve um aumento do AIAPPT após a cirurgia em média de 2,38° (± 0,73°; intervalo de confiança, IC 95 por cento). Não houve correlação (r = -0,28) entre os resultados obtidos pelo escore de Lysholm pós-operatório e a diferença do AIAPPT pós e pré-operatório (P = 0,13). CONCLUSÃO: A osteotomia valgizante da tíbia proximal com cunha de abertura medial levou a um pequeno aumento no AIAPPT. Não houve correlação entre o aumento do slope tibial e os resultados clínicos a curto prazo após a osteotomia proximal da tíbia. Outros estudos clínicos são necessários para comprovar se uma osteotomia de extensão ou de flexão pode trazer benefício ao paciente com artrose unicompartimental do joelho.

Metatarsalgias quirurgicas. La osteotomia de Weil. Alcances, limitaciones y detalles quirurgicos / Surgical metatarsalgias. Weil osteotomy. Possibilities, limitations and technical details

Introducción: Se propone la osteotomía distal oblicuacontrolada con osteosíntesis de los radios menores del pie en el tratamiento de la metatarsalgia central sintomática debida a alteraciones en la fórmula metatarsiana. Se enumeran sucintamente los problemas que ocurren con la osteotomía de Weil. Se discute la utilidad de las variantes técnicas para controlar el llamado “efecto Weil” y los dedos flotantes.Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó a 19 pacientes (21 procedimientos de uno o más o todos los radios centrales), puntualizando los efectos no deseados por sobre los beneficios. Se ponderaron parámetros objetivos y subjetivos de acuerdo con el puntaje AOFAS y se establecieron cinco grupos de categorización según esos parámetros. Resultados: Óptimo: 6 pies; bueno: 6 pies; aceptable: 5 pies; regular: 7 pies; malo-pésimo: 1 pie.Conclusiones: Ningún procedimiento hasta la fecha estáexento de problemas; tampoco la osteotomía de Weil.Aún así, constituye el recurso más confiable que disponemos. El “efecto Weil” y los dedos flotantes se deben a una ejecución técnica deficiente y a un programa de rehabilitación mal planificado. La rigidez articular es inevitable en un abordaje articular sobre deformidades estructuradas antiguas. Los puntajes más bajos dependen del factor humano (elección o ejecución inadecuada).

Osteotomia tibial alta em pacientes com artrose do joelho / High tibial osteotomy in patients with knee arthrosis

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o tratamento da gonartrose medial com osteotomia tibial tipo cunha de fechamento lateral associado à liberação da articulação tibiofibular proximal. MÉTODOS: Realizamos esta técnica associado com liberação da articulação tibiofibular proximal no tratamento da gonartrose medial em 36 pacientes (41 joelhos) de janeiro de 1995 a abril de 2003, com idade de 53,4 anos (média), seguidos por 51,6 meses (média). RESULTADOS: Na avaliação notamos que as osteotomias tibiais com cunha de fechamento lateral permitem correção satisfatória da deformidade fêmorotibial, com angulação femorotibial final em torno de 7º de valgo; o eixo mecânico foi desviado da região tibial medial (posição 1,2 por cento) para o centro do joelho (posição 50,5 por cento); a inclinação tibial na incidência perfil pré-operatória de 9,8º foi corrigida para 6,5º (média); a mobilidade articular apresentou perda de 2,3º na extensão (média). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica permite correção satisfatória da deformidade em varo fêmorotibial, porém não é isenta de complicações (14,6 por cento). O grau de satisfação (Lysholm) dos pacientes teve incremento de 27,3 para 89. Assim, constitui uma parte essencial no arsenal de tratamento da gonartrose.

PURPOSE: To assess medial gonarthrosis treatment with wedge-like side-closed tibial osteotomy combined with proximal tibial-fibular joint release. METHODS: we employed this technique combined with proximal tibial-fibular joint release in the treatment of medial gonarthrosis in 36 patients (41 knees), from January 1995 to April 2003, with mean age of 53.4 years, followed-up for 51.6 months (in average). RESULTS: In the assessment, we noticed that wedge-like side-closed tibial osteotomies allow for a satisfactory repair of the femorotibial deformity, with end femorotibial angle of about 7º valgus; the mechanical axis was dislocated from the medial region of the tibia (position: 1.2 percent) to knee center (position: 50.5 percent); the 9.8º tibial bent at preoperative lateral plane was fixed to 6.5º (mean); joint motion showed 2.3º loss at extension (mean). CONCLUSION: This technique allows for a satisfactory repair of femorotibial varus deformity, but is not free of complications (14.6 percent). The level of patient satisfaction (Lysholm) grew from 27.3 to 89. Thus it constitutes an essential part of the gonarthrosis treatment arsenal.

[ evaluation of proximal tibia osteotomy by lateral closing wedge [Coventry] method in association with displacement of distal part to proximal and rigid fixation by T-plate and rapid range of motion]

The objective of this study was the evaluation of genovarum adjustment and the effect of distal part of osteotomy displacement and comparing it with other methods and determination of its complications. A total of 25 knees from 22 patients in 1381-1383 in Baghiatallah Hospital were undergone proximal tibia osteotomy by lateral closing wedge [Coventry] method with rigid fixation by T-plate and rapid range of motion [ROM]. In all patients the distal of osteotomy part was displaced about 1 cm to proximal and was fixed rigidly with a T-plate. ROM and 50% weight bearing with 2 crutches were begun at second day after surgery. After 6 weeks both crutches were put away. Patients were visited again at the end of weeks 4, 6, 8, and 16 and tibio-femoral angle and ROM were measured and registered. Every probable complication and union at any time and patient's satisfaction and the time of getting back to work were registered at the fourth month. The mean of genovarum was 12 degrees varus before surgery which was adjusted to 6.1 degrees valgus after surgery. The majority of patients were able to walk without crutches at the end of the second month. There was union in all patients at the end of the third month. At the end of the fourth month all patients got back to previous activities. There was pain in only one patient [2 knees], but it was milder than before and the patient was satisfied. It seems this kind of operation is more advantages than other methods especially non-rigid fixation and casting in patients older than 40 with osteoarthritis and no tolerance to being immobilized in cast and also with high complication risks such as vascular thrombosis

Pulmonary complications of concave rib osteotomies in scoliotic patients

Operations such as anterior or posterior releases can be used to decrease the magnitude of spinal curves. Concave rib osteotomy is an example of posterior release. Pulmonary complications are the main complications of this operation and the major cause of related morbidities. In this study, the frequency of pulmonary complications was evaluated. Pulmonary complications of concave rib osteotomies were studied in a series of 14 patients at Sina Hospital in a 2-year period [2001-2003]. Eight patients were females and 6 were males. During the operation, 3 cases of pleural tear were detected and chest tubes were inserted for them. No cases of pneumothorax and only 1 case of asymptomatic pleural effusion were detected postoperatively. This operation is a simple procedure. If the valsalva maneuver is used and pleural tears are detected intraoperatively, pulmonary morbidities will not increase significantly

Artroplastia de rodilla postosteotomia: revision casuistica banco de protesis 1986-2001 / Total knee replacement after osteotomy: revision between 1986 to 2001

Introduccion: Las artroplastias postosteotomia son cirugias de mayor complejidad, por presentar cicatrices previas, defectos oseos y un aparato extensor modificado. Material y metodos: Se evaluaron 2630 artroplastias entre 1986 y 2001 (6 por ciento de las cirugias). Valguizantes 142 y varizantes 11,6. Seguimiento promedio de 5,3 años. Se realizo evaluacion con protocolo y rx, utilizando el score del Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). Resultados: El tiempo promedio de sobrevida de las osteotomias fue de 8 años, en un rango de 1 a 30 años. Se realizo, Snip de Insall en 26 casos y osteotomia de Whiteside en 3 casos; 1 alargamiento y 1 liberacion de cuadriceps. El 6,5 por ciento de las cirugias requirio protesis especiales. 78 casos tenian un HSS preoperatorio malo, 68 regular y 4 buenos. 103 casos mostraron un HSS postoperatorio excelente, 28 buenos, 3 regulares y 9 malos. Complicaciones: 11 por ciento, 9 casos de infeccion profunda (5,8 por ciento), 1 aguda y 8 tardias. Necrosis de piel y dificultad de cicatrizacion, 2 casos (1,3 por ciento). Desinsercion tendon rotuliano, 2 casos (1,3 por ciento). Falsa ruta, 2 casos (1,3 por ciento). Aflojamiento aseptico, 2 casos (1,3 por ciento). Conclusiones: Indice de complicaciones similar a las cirugias de revision. Se debe realizar una incision apropiada, asi como elegir el tipo de osteotomia osea a realizar, teniendo en mente la futura eventual artroplastia.

Protesis total de cadera tras la falla de la osteotomia intertrocanterea de femur / Total hip arthroplasty after failed interthrochanteric osteotomy

Introduccion: Son bien conocidas las complicaciones y la incidencia de infecciones a corto plazo cuando se coloca una protesis total de cadera (PTC) despues de una osteotomia intertrocanterea de femur, pero no ocurre lo mismo con la experiencia a largo plazo. En el presente trabajo relatamos nuestra experiencia con 63 caderas intervenidas por presentar una falla de la osteotomia intertrocanterea con la colocacion de una PTC. Materiales y metodos: Se trataron en nuestro hospital 63 osteotomias intertrocantereas en 58 pacientes (35 mujeres y 23 varones) con una media de edad de 44,5 años (rango, 23 y 66 años) con la colocacion de una protesis de cadera tras la falla de una osteotomia intertrocanterea con avance de la coxartrosis. El seguimiento fue de 7,27 años (rango, 2-22 años). Los pacientes tenian osteotomia de varizacion en 31 casos, osteotomia de valguizacion en 17 casos y osteotomia de translacion en 15 casos. Resultados: En el seguimiento, 8 pacientes precisaron cirugia de revision de la PTC colocada, en 3 casos por infeccion de la protesis, en 4 casos por aflojamiento aseptico de la protesis y en un caso por sufrir una fractura periprotesica que requirio osteosintesis de la fractura. Los resultados al final del seguimiento fueron buenos en 42 pacientes (66,66 por ciento), con 16-18 puntos del baremo de Merle d’Aubigne, regulares en 17 casos (26,98 por ciento) y malos en 4 casos (6,34 por ciento). Conclusiones: La osteotomia intertrocanterea es un buen tratamiento de la coxartrosis en los pacientes jovenes.

[Evaluation of external and internal lateral osteotomy in rhinoplasty]

Rhinoplasty is one of the common operations in plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of internal and external osteotomy in rhinoplasty in Babol. This clinical trial study was conducted on patients referred to the center of plastic surgery of Babol medical University from September 2001 to May 2003. Patients chose one of two methods of the surgery [external and internal osteotomy]. After surgery the rate of ecchymosis and edema, duration of resolution of edema and late complications of the surgery were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS and proportions were compared by X [2] and Fisher's exact test. One hundred subjects with the mean age of 23.44 +/- 5.75 and 77 subjects with the mean age of 24 +/- 6.5 years were operated by internal and external osteotomy, respectively [p=0.597]. Severe edema was significantly higher in patients were operated by internal lateral osteotomy than those who operated by external one [16% and 1.3%, respectively] [p=0.00001]. Mean duration of the resolution of edema in patients operated in internal lateral osteotomy was significantly higher than those operated by external one [11.5 +/- 3 and 8.4 +/- 2 days, respectively] [p=0.0000.1]. Late complications as mucocyst and step in internal lateral osteotomy occurred in three cases but no case was seen in the external one. The results showed that the rate of edema and ecchymosis and late complications in cases operated by external lateral osteotomy were lower than cases operated by internal lateral osteotomy. So it is recommended that this method of surgery is used for rhinoplasty